Absorption Costing | Meaning | Income Statement proforma under A.C
Table of Contents
Absorption costing meaning
The other name of absorption costing is full costing, total costing, conventional costing and orthodox costing. Under absorption costing, both fixed costs and variable costs are charged to cost units. Absorption costing is a technique or principle of cost ascertainment. All the financial accounting statments are based on the absorption costing.
Income statement under Absorption Costing
All the costs are divided into three categories under absorption costing as manufacturing, selling and administrative cost.
1. Category 1: Firstly, all the manufacturing costs both fixed and variable are deducted from the sales revenue to get gross margin/gross profit on sales in income statement.
2. Category 2: Secondly, the selling and administrative expenses both fixed and variable are deducted from the gross margin/gross profit to arrive at the net operating income.
3. Category 3: The fixed factory or manufacturing overheads are charged to the units produced on the basis of predetermined fixed manufacturing overhead rate. The following formula is used to calculate the fixed manufacturing overhead rate.
= (Standard fixed manufacturing overheads / Normal level of output)
If the actual level of output is more or less than the normal level of output, adjustments are made for the level of output differences. If the actual level of output is more than normal level of output, the amount of over absorption is subtracted from the total cost of goods manufactured and sold. If the actual level of output is less than normal level of output, the amount of under absorption is added with the cost of goods manufactured and sold.
Proforma of Income Statement under A.C
A proforma of Income Statement under Absorption Costing is presented below.
| Amount in Rs. | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Sales | XXX | ||
| Less: Manufacturing cost | |||
| 1. Variable Cost | |||
| Direct Material Cost | XXX | ||
| Direct Labour Cost | XXX | ||
| Variable Manufacturing overhead | XXX | ||
| 2. Fixed factory (Manufacturing) overhead | XXX | ||
| Cost of goods manufactured | XXX | ||
| Add: Opening Stock | XXX | ||
| Cost of goods available for sale | XXX | ||
| Less: Closing stock | XXX | ||
| Cost of goods sold | XXX | ||
| Add: Under absorption of factory (manufacturing) overhead | XXX | ||
| (or) | |||
| Less: Over absorption of factory (manufacturing) overhead | XXX | ||
| Cost of goods sold at actual | XXX | ||
| Gross profit on sale | XXX | ||
| Less: Fixed selling and administrative expenses | XXX | ||
| Variable selling and administrative expenses | XXX | XXX | |
| NET OPERATING INCOME | XXX |
